Emodin ameliorates cholestatic liver injury by regulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice

Figure 1 Emodin ameliorated α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestasis in mice. A: Liver index and serum biochemical analysis; B: Morphology observation of mice liver and gallbladder; C: Histopathological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining in mice liver sections, magnification 200 ×, n = 3 (scale bar: 200 μm). Data were analyzed via two-tailed Student’s t-test. n = 6. ^aP < 0.05 vs control group, ^bP < 0.01 vs control group, ^cP < 0.001 vs control group, ^dP < 0.05 vs α-naphthylisothiocyanate group, ^eP < 0.01 vs α-naphthylisothiocyanate group, and ^fP < 0.001 vs α-naphthylisothiocyanate group. Cont: Control; Emo: Emodin; ANIT: Α-naphthylisothiocyanate; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α.