Emodin ameliorates cholestatic liver injury by regulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice

doi:10.3748/wjg.117819

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2026; 32(44): 117819
Published online Nov 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.117819

Table 1 Potential biomarkers associated with emodin against intrahepatic cholestasis

Biological matrices	Metabolites	ANIT vs Cont	Emo-ANIT vs ANIT	Detected
Plasma	Lactate¹	Increased	Decreased	NMR, MS
	CA¹	Increased	Decreased	MS
	β-MCA¹	Increased	Decreased	MS
	T-α + β-MCA¹	Increased	Decreased	MS
	TCA¹	Increased	Decreased	MS
	TCDCA¹	Increased	Decreased	MS
	LysoPC (18:1)²	Increased	Decreased	MS
	LysoPC (20:4)²	Increased	Decreased	MS
	LysoPC (22:6)²	Increased	Decreased	MS
	Phytosphingosine²	Increased	Decreased	MS
	L-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid²	Increased	Decreased	MS
	Glutamate¹	Increased	Decreased	MS
	Pyruvic acid¹	Decreased	Increased	MS
	2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate²	Decreased	Increased	MS
	Phenol sulphate²	Decreased	Increased	MS
	Methacholine¹	Decreased	Increased	MS
	Glucose¹	Decreased	Increased	MS
	Hexanoylglycine²	Decreased	Increased	MS
	Indoxyl sulfate²	Decreased	Increased	MS
	Betaine¹	Decreased	Increased	MS
Liver	BAs (mixed)	Increased	Decreased	NMR
	Lysine	Increased	Decreased	NMR
	Proline	Increased	Decreased	NMR
	β-MCA¹	Increased	Decreased	MS
	T-α + β-MCA¹	Increased	Decreased	MS
	TCA¹	Increased	Decreased	MS
	TCDCA¹	Increased	Decreased	MS
	Choline phosphate²	Increased	Decreased	MS
	N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid¹	Increased	Decreased	MS
	Ornithine¹	Decreased	Increased	MS
	Arginine¹	Decreased	Increased	MS
	Deoxyadenosine monophosphate¹	Decreased	Increased	MS
	5-thymidylic acid¹	Decreased	Increased	MS

¹Compounds are compared with standards.

²Metabolites are compared with online database.

NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance; MS: Mass spectrometry; Cont: Control; Emo: Emodin; ANIT: Α-naphthylisothiocyanate; CA: Cholic acid; MCA: Muricholic acid; TCA: Taurocholic acid; TCDCA: Taurochenodeoxycholic acid; BAs: Bile acids; T-α + β-MCA: Tauro-α + β-muricholic acid; LysoPC: Lysophosphatidylcholine.

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Citation: Wang CX, Wang LM, Fu ZF, Zhao X, Han LF, Lou YF. Emodin ameliorates cholestatic liver injury by regulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 117819
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i44/117819.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.117819

Wang CX, Wang LM, Fu ZF, Zhao X, Han LF, Lou YF. Emodin ameliorates cholestatic liver injury by regulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 117819 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.117819]

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