Study on the adhesive effect of deoxyshikonin on Helicobacter pylori

Figure 1 Anti-adhesion activity of deoxyshikonin on Helicobacter pylori. A: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) adhesion to GES-1 cells after deoxyshikonin exposure, assessed by Gram staining; B: Adhesion of extracellular H. pylori to BGC823 cells after deoxyshikonin treatment, assessed by inverted fluorescence microscopy; C: Quantification of cell-associated H. pylori in BGC823 cells after deoxyshikonin exposure, assessed by the Alamar Blue assay; D: Inhibitory effect of deoxyshikonin on cell-associated H. pylori in BGC823 cells, assessed using the dilution plating method. ^aP < 0.05 vs phosphate-buffered saline, ^bP < 0.01 vs phosphate-buffered saline, ^fP < 0.01 vs amoxicillin, and ^gP < 0.001 vs amoxicillin. PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; AMX: Amoxicillin; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; RFU: Relative fluorescence units.