Complete clip closure with staged triple-lumen feeding tube reduces delayed adverse events after duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection

Figure 4 Associations between postoperative drainage methods and inflammatory and nutritional indicators following duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection. A: Model 1. The crude associations between drainage methods and postoperative indicators were assessed using analysis of covariance. Model 1 was adjusted for preoperative baseline values; B: Model 2. Based on model 1, adjustments for age, gender, body mass index, comorbidity, year of admission, lesion location, and titanium clip closure status were made using analysis of covariance to comprehensively control for potential confounding by baseline patient characteristics and analyze the associations between drainage methods and postoperative indicators. ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. ANCOVA: Analysis of covariance; CI: Confidence interval; WBC: White blood cell; TP: Total protein; Neu%: Neutrophil percentage; ALB: Albumin.