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Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 21, 2026; 32(43): 121090
Published online Nov 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.121090
Table 3 Subgroup χ2 analyses of the association between titanium clip closure quality and postoperative complications after duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Stratification variable
Subgroup
Sample Size (n)
Complete closure complication rate (%)
Incomplete closure complication rate (%)
RRR (%)
P value
Age (years)> 59855.6 (3/54)19.4 (6/31)71.30.067
≤ 59944.8 (3/62)34.4 (11/32)86.0< 0.001
GenderMale938.3 (5/60)30.3 (10/33)72.50.014
Female861.8 (1/56)23.3 (7/30)92.30.002
BMI (kg/m2)> 24.0875.2 (3/58)27.6 (8/29)81.30.005
≤ 24.0925.2 (3/58)26.5 (9/34)80.50.008
ComorbidityNo1226.4 (5/78)29.5 (13/44)78.3< 0.001
Yes572.6 (1/38)21.1 (4/19)87.50.038
Lesion locationNon-ampullary area1564.0 (4/101)27.3 (15/55)85.5< 0.001
Ampullary area2313.3 (2/15)25.0 (2/8)46.70.589
Drainage strategyNasogastric tube728.9 (4/45)33.3 (9/27)73.30.013
Triple-lumen feeding tube1072.8 (2/71)22.2 (8/36)87.30.002
Admission year2016-20202321.4 (3/14) 22.2 (2/9) 3.61.000
2021-20251562.9 (3/102) 27.8 (15/54) 89.4< 0.001


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