Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cardia neoplasms: Efficacy and management of non-curative resection

doi:10.3748/wjg.120660

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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World J Gastroenterol. Nov 21, 2026; 32(43): 120660
Published online Nov 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.120660

Table 1 Differences in clinical characteristics of cardiac mucosal lesions with different degrees of differentiation, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Item	Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 34)	High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 40)	Intramucosal carcinoma (n = 74)	Submucosal carcinoma (n = 15)	P value
Sex (%)					0.021
Male	24 (70.6)^a	37 (92.5)^a	66 (89.2)^a	11 (73.3)^a
Female	10 (29.4)^a	3 (7.5)^a	8 (10.8)^a	4 (26.7)^a
Age (years)	56.2 (44.3-68.1)^a	64.5 (55.8-73.2)^a	63.5 (55.3-71.7)^a	69.2 (59.4-79.0)^a	< 0.001
Age groups (years)					0.005
≤ 44	4 (11.8)^a	1 (2.5)^a	1 (1.4)^a	0^a
45-64	22 (64.7)^a	17 (42.5)^a	41 (55.4)^a	4 (26.7)^a
≥ 65	8 (23.5)^a	22 (55.0)^a	32 (43.2)^a	11 (73.3)^a
BMI (kg/m²)	25.4 (17.8-29.7)^a	23.0 (17.7-30.1)^a	23.1 (16.0-28.7)^a	23.8 (14.5-26.9)^a	0.010
BMI groups					0.049
< 18.5	2 (5.9)^a	2 (5.0)^a	5 (6.8)^a	1 (6.7)^a
18.5-23.9	9 (26.5)^a	23 (57.50)^a	40 (54.1)^a	7 (46.7)^a
24-27.9	17 (50.0)^a	11 (27.5)^a	27 (36.5)^a	7 (46.7)^a
> 28	6 (17.6)	4 (10.0)	2 (2.7)	0
Comorbidities (%)
Diabetes	0	7 (17.5)	7 (9.6)	1 (6.7)	0.056
Hypertension	9 (26.5)	12 (30.0)	18 (24.3)	4 (26.7)	0.934
Cardiovascular disease	3 (8.8)	7 (17.5)	12 (16.4)	2 (13.3)	0.712
Cirrhosis/hepatitis	0^a	0^a	8 (10.8)^a	0^a	0.026
Respiratory disease	1 (2.9)	3 (7.5)	3 (4.1)	1 (6.7)	0.650
Reflux esophagitis	4 (11.8)	6 (15.0)	8 (10.8)	2 (13.3)	0.884
Barrett’s esophagus	5 (14.7)^a	1 (2.5)^a	0^a	0^a	0.003
Atrophic gastritis	20 (58.8)^a	36 (90.0)^a	59 (79.7)^a	11 (73.3)^a	0.014
Helicobacter pylori infection (%)	5 (14.7)	7 (17.5)	10 (13.5)	1 (6.7)	0.830
Smoking history (%)	7 (20.6)	17 (42.5)	31 (41.9)	8 (53.3)	0.085
Alcohol history (%)	7 (20.6)	9 (22.5)	18 (24.3)	4 (26.7)	0.961
Family history (%)	5 (14.7)	1 (2.5)	6 (8.1)	1 (6.7)	0.269

^aP < 0.05.

BMI: Body mass index.

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Citation: Zhu N, Chen MY, Li KQ, Li FL, Qin B, Jiang J, Wang SH, Wu J, Xi WT, Liu SY, Li YH, Zou BC. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cardia neoplasms: Efficacy and management of non-curative resection. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(43): 120660
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i43/120660.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.120660

Zhu N, Chen MY, Li KQ, Li FL, Qin B, Jiang J, Wang SH, Wu J, Xi WT, Liu SY, Li YH, Zou BC. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cardia neoplasms: Efficacy and management of non-curative resection. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(43): 120660 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.120660]

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