Tumor protrusion assessment and clinical integration for enhanced mortality risk prediction in spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis for predictors of 30-day mortality

Variable	Reference	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		Odds ratio (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted odds ratio (95%CI)	P value
Age ≥ 65 years	< 65 years	0.56 (0.15-1.74)	0.348
Sex (men)	Women	1.52 (0.43-7.17)	0.543
Hepatitis B positive	Negative	0.62 (0.22-1.66)	0.353
Hepatitis C positive	Negative	3.26 (1.07-9.86)	0.035
Presence of shock	Absence	1.79 (0.67-4.80)	0.240
Hemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dL	> 10 g/dL	2.75 (1.00-8.45)	0.060
Platelet count ≤ 100000/μL	> 100000/μL	0.51 (0.07-2.11)	0.406
Albumin ≤ 3.0 g/dL	> 3.0 g/dL	5.10 (1.83-15.88)	0.003	4.21 (1.39-14.12)	0.014
Total bilirubin ≥ 2.5 mg/dL	< 2.5 mg/dL	4.21 (1.34-13.48)	0.013	5.48 (1.43-24.24)	0.016
AST ≥ 100 U/L	< 100 U/L	6.67 (2.21-25.06)	0.002
ALT ≥ 100 U/L	< 100 U/L	2.16 (0.74-6.16)	0.150
ALP ≥ 150 U/L	< 150 U/L	3.83 (1.42-10.96)	0.009
INR ≥ 1.2	< 1.2	2.44 (0.85-8.13)	0.115
Creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dL	< 1.5 mg/dL	1.50 (0.42-4.76)	0.506
Alpha-fetoprotein ≥ 200 ng/mL	< 200 ng/mL	1.70 (0.64-4.75)	0.295
Multiple tumor nodules	Single	3.53 (1.07-16.14)	0.060
Tumor size ≥ 5 cm	< 5 cm	5.06 (0.92-94.67)	0.130
Portal vein thrombosis: Present	Absent	2.63 (0.99-7.19)	0.055
Child-Pugh class B and C	Class A	1.89 (0.72-5.17)	0.201
BCLC stage C	Stage A and B	3.16 (1.18-8.81)	0.023
Procedure type: TAE	TACE	5.55 (1.01-103.65)	0.108
Protrusion area ≥ 8.7 cm2	< 8.7 cm2	6.34 (1.66-41.81)	0.018	7.34 (1.66-55.26)	0.020
Protrusion diameter ≥ 1.6 cm	< 1.6 cm	7.71 (1.44-143.24)	0.054
Protrusion percentage ≥ 50%	< 50%	0.84 (0.29-2.28)	0.733

CI: Confidence interval; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; INR: International normalized ratio; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; TAE: Transarterial embolization; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization.