Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate experimental colitis by maintaining the intestinal barrier and remodeling macrophage polarization

Figure 5 Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes modulate the plasticity of intestinal macrophages. A: Flow cytometric analysis of intestinal macrophages in colon tissues stained with anti-F4/80, anti-CD11b, anti-MHCII, and anti-Ly6C antibodies; B: Immunofluorescence (IF) staining of pro-resolving macrophages (F4/80⁺ CD206⁺) and pro-inflammatory macrophages (F4/80⁺ CD86⁺) by immunofluorescence (IF) in colon tissues (20 ×, scale bar = 200 μm); C: Quantification of F4/80⁺ CD206⁺ cells in colon tissues; D: Quantification of F4/80⁺ CD86⁺ cells in colon tissues. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. Each experiment was repeated three times independently (n = 8 mice per group). NS: No significance; NC: Negative control; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; hucMSC-Ex: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes; CD: Cluster of differentiation; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; Ly6C: Lymphocyte antigen 6C; Inf-Mφ: Inflammatory macrophages; Res-Mφ: Resident macrophages.