Immunometabolic drivers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in non-obese people living with human immunodeficiency virus

Table 3 Multivariable analysis of factors associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among non-obese people living with human immunodeficiency virus

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
	P value	Crude OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)
Age	0.34	1.05 (0.96-1.14)
Gender	1.00	137533244.9 (0-.)1
Group
INSTIs	0.75
Switch	0.46	1.85 (0.36-9.48)
Non-INSTIs	0.67	1.56 (0.20-11.92)
BMI	0.004	2.03 (1.26-3.26)	0.002	2.14 (1.32-3.47)
ALT	0.027	1.04 (1.00-1.07)	0.032	1.04 (1.003-1.069)
HDL	0.015	0.01 (0-0.37)	0.028	0.03 (0.001-0.688)
Glucose	0.20	0.68 (0.38-1.22)
TyG index	0.06	3.31 (0.93-11.75)	0.043	3.29 (1.04-10.40)
CD4 cell count ≥ 350 cells/μL	0.19	5.88 (0.42-100.00)
CD4/CD8 ratio	0.19	4.21 (0.49-35.84)	0.013	8.55 (1.57-46.66)

¹The extreme odds ratio for gender results from complete separation caused by the limited number of female participants (n = 4, all in the non-metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease group). The upper bound of the 95% confidence interval is not estimable.

Variables included gender, age, group, body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride-glucose, glucose, cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 cell count ≥ 350 cells/μL, and CD4/CD8 ratio. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; TyG: Triglyceride-glucose; CD: Cluster of differentiation; INSTIs: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors-based regime group; Switch: Switching-to-integrase strand transfer inhibitors-based regime groups; Non-INSTIs: Non-integrase strand transfer inhibitors-based regime group.