Immunometabolic drivers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in non-obese people living with human immunodeficiency virus

Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of non-obese participants with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and non-metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, mean ± SD/n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Variables	Non-MASLD (n = 91)	MASLD (n = 24)	P value
Age, years	39 (33-46)	39 (36-49)	0.35
Gender			0.30
Male	87 (95.6)	24 (100.0)
Female	4 (4.4)	0 (0.0)
Weight, kg	64.9 ± 8.7	70.9 ± 5.9	< 0.001
BMI, kg/m2	21.5 (20.1-23.4)	23.2 (22.8-24.4)	< 0.001
ALT, U/L	21.0 (16.0-29.0)	31.0 (21.3-54.3)	< 0.01
Glucose, mmol/L	5.2 (5.0-5.5)	5.5 (5.1-5.9)	< 0.05
UA, μmol/L	349.5 ± 85.1	377.2 ± 71.5	0.15
LDL, mmol/L	2.8 ± 0.7	2.8 ± 0.7	0.82
HDL, mmol/L	1.3 (1.2-1.5)	1.0 (0.9-1.2)	< 0.001
TG, mmol/L	1.2 (0.9-1.9)	1.9 (1.1-3.2)	< 0.05
TC, mmol/L	4.6 (4.1-5.3)	4.9 (4.1-5.8)	0.25
UAP, dB/m	228.5 ± 20.9	264.2 ± 11.9	< 0.001
LSM, kPa	5.1 (4.4-5.9)	5.1 (4.4-6.7)	0.29
Duration, months	67.5 (50.2-93.1)	75.6 (58.4-107.9)	0.17
Group			0.58
INSTIs	40 (44.0)	8 (33.3)
Switch	13 (14.3)	5 (20.8)
Non-INSTIs	38 (41.8)	11 (45.8)
TyG index	7.1 ± 0.7	7.5 ± 0.7	< 0.01
TC/HDL	3.6 (2.9-4.2)	4.6 (3.6-5.5)	< 0.001
Initial HVL, copies/mL	46899.5 (21446.5-141112.5)	30761.5 (14159.0-177755.8)	0.48
Initial CD4 cell count, cells/μL	269.2 ± 176.7	279.1 ± 125.1	0.80
CD4 cell count, cells/μL	559.0 (376.0-682.0)	519.0 (428.8-672.8)	0.51
CD4 cell count ≥ 350 cells/μL			< 0.01
No	33 (36.3)	1 (4.2)
Yes	58 (63.7)	23 (95.8)
CD4/CD8 ratio	0.7 (0.5-1.1)	0.9 (0.6-1.4)	< 0.05
Drinking			0.84
No	88 (96.7)	23 (95.8)
Yes	3 (3.3)	1 (4.2)
Smoking			0.61
No	90 (98.9)	24 (100.0)
Yes	1 (1.1)	0 (0.0)
Hypertension			< 0.05
No	85 (93.4)	19 (79.2)
Yes	6 (6.6)	5 (20.8)
Diabetes			0.46
No	89 (97.8)	24 (100.0)
Yes	2 (2.2)	0 (0.0)
Lipid lowering drug			0.14
No	87 (95.6)	21 (87.5)
Yes	4 (4.4)	3 (12.5)
Antihypertensive drug			< 0.05
No	88 (96.7)	20 (83.3)
Yes	3 (3.3)	4 (16.7)
Hypoglycemic drug			0.46
No	89 (97.8)	24 (100.0)
Yes	2 (2.2)	0 (0.0)

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100%. MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; UA: Uric acid; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; TyG: Triglyceride-glucose; CD: Cluster of differentiation; UAP: Ultrasound attenuation parameter; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; HVL: Human immunodeficiency virus viral load; INSTIs: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors-based regime group; Switch: Switching-to-integrase strand transfer inhibitors-based regime groups; Non-INSTIs: Non-integrase strand transfer inhibitors-based regime group.