Allyl isothiocyanate ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via vitamin D receptors in hepatocytes

Figure 3 Allyl isothiocyanate activates vitamin D receptors in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in vitro. A: The messenger RNA (mRNA) level of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was detected in palmitate acid-stimulated AML-12 cells (n = 4/group); B: The protein expression of VDR was determined by Western blot analysis; C: The mRNA level of VDR was detected in allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)-stimulated AML-12 cells (n = 4/group); D: The protein expression of VDR in AITC-stimulated AML-12 cells; E: The mRNA level of VDR was detected in an AITC-stimulated in vitro metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease model; F: The protein expression of VDR was determined by Western blot analysis. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05. ^cP < 0.001. P calculated between groups. PA: Palmitate acid; AITC: Allyl isothiocyanate; VDR: Vitamin D receptor; mRNA: Messenger RNA; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.