Comparative efficacy and pharmacological heterogeneity of individual potassium-competitive acid blockers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Figure 7 Funnel plots for assessment of publication bias. A: Funnel plot for Helicobacter pylori eradication studies (30 randomized controlled trials, 32 comparisons). Each point represents one study, plotted by effect size (log odds ratio, X-axis) against precision (standard error, Y-axis). Visual inspection shows symmetric distribution around the pooled effect estimate (vertical line). Egger’s regression test was not significant (P = 0.97), indicating no evidence of publication bias; B: Funnel plot for erosive esophagitis healing studies (10 randomized controlled trials). Distribution appears symmetric upon visual inspection. Egger’s test was not significant (P = 0.14); however, interpretation is limited by the small number of studies (n = 10), and funnel plot asymmetry was not visually apparent. Dashed diagonal lines represent pseudo-95% confidence limits. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; OR: Odds ratio.