Comparative efficacy and pharmacological heterogeneity of individual potassium-competitive acid blockers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Figure 6 Monte Carlo simulation for statistical power estimation. Power curves showing the relationship between sample size [number of potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs)] and statistical power to detect acid dissociation constant-efficacy correlations at different effect sizes (ρ = 0.60, ρ = 0.70, ρ = 0.80, ρ = 0.90). With only 5 marketed P-CABs, power to detect ρ = 0.80 is limited to 30% (horizontal dashed line indicates 80% power threshold); with n = 4 (Helicobacter pylori), power is 30%. These simulations illustrate that the inherent limitation of 5 marketed P-CABs constrains statistical power for correlation testing, emphasizing the importance of mechanistic plausibility and supporting evidence from subgroup analyses. P-CABs: Potassium-competitive acid blockers.