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Meta-Analysis
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 21, 2026; 32(39): 121372
Published online Oct 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.121372
Table 4 Risk of bias assessment for Included randomized controlled trials
Ref.
Design
D1: Randomization
D2: Deviations
D3: Missing data
D4: Measurement
D5: Reporting
Overall
H. pylori eradication RCTs (n = 30, 32 comparisons)
Murakami et al[18]DB, NILow (computer, stratified)Low (DB)Low (FAS/PPS)Low (UBT)Low (Ph3)Low
Maruyama et al[19]OLSome (quasi-random: Odd/even MRN)Some (OL)Low (complete follow-up)Low (UBT)Low (primary outcome reported)Some
Sue et al[20]OLLow (Web-based minimization)Some (OL)Low (minimal dropout)Low (UBT)Low (pre-registered outcome)Some
Chey et al[3] (triple)DB, NILow (Web-based central, block size 6)Low (DB, double-dummy)Low (mITT analysis, balanced dropout)Low (central lab blinded UBT)Low (pre-registered primary endpoint)Low
Chey et al[3] (dual)OLLow (central web-based)Some (OL arm)Low (mITT analysis)Low (central lab blinded UBT)Low (pre-registered endpoint)Some
Choi et al[21]DB, NILow (stratified block)Low (double-dummy design)Low (FAS analysis, minimal dropout)Low (blinded UBT/histology)Low (protocol-specified outcomes)Low
Han et al[22]OLLow (computer-generated sequence)Some (OL)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (outcomes per protocol)Some
Huang et al[23]OLLow (random number table)Some (OL)Low (complete follow-up)Low (objective UBT/histology)Low (primary outcome reported)Some
Kim et al[24]DBLow (stratified block)Low (DB active-controlled)Low (mITT/PP both reported)Low (blinded UBT)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Lu et al[25]OL, NILow (block randomization)Some (OL)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Some
Peng et al[26]OL, MCLow (central randomization)Some (OL MC)Low (FAS analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Some
Qian et al[27]OLLow (computer randomization)Some (OL)Low (complete follow-up)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (primary outcome reported)Some
Wang et al[28]OLLow (randomized, method NR)Some (OL)Low (per abstract)Low (objective UBT outcome)Some (conference abstract only)Some
Chen et al[29]OL, NILow (central randomization)Some (OL)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Some
Cheung et al[30]OLLow (computer-generated, opaque envelopes)Some (OL)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Some
DWP14012[31]DB, Ph3Low (IWRS centralized)Low (DB Ph3)Low (ITT analysis)Low (blinded UBT)Some (conference abstract only)Some
Huang et al[32]OL, MCLow (central randomization)Some (OL MC)Low (FAS analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Some
Kong et al[33]OL, NILow (computer randomization)Some (OL)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (primary outcome reported)Some
Lee et al[34]OL, NILow (stratified block)Some (OL Seq)Low (mITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Some
Liang et al[35]OL, MCLow (block randomization 1:1)Some (OL MC)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT/histology)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Some
Lin et al[36]OLLow (computer randomization)Some (OL)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (Primary outcome reported)Some
Tan et al[37]DB, NILow (computer-generated sequence)Low (DB)Low (FAS analysis)Low (blinded UBT/histology)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Zhou et al[38]OL, MCLow (central randomization)Some (OL MC)Low (mITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Some
Cheng et al[39]OL, MCLow (computer randomization)Some (OL MC)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (primary outcome reported)Some
Fan et al[40]OLLow (computer randomization)Some (OL)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (primary outcome reported)Some
Fan et al[41]OL, MCLow (central randomization)Some (OL MC)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (primary outcome reported)Some
Han et al[42]OLLow (computer randomization)Some (OL)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (primary outcome reported)Some
Park et al[43] (50mg)DB, NILow (IWRS seed-allocated codes)Low (DB)Low (FAS analysis)Low (UBT)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Park et al[43] (100mg)DB, NILow (IWRS seed-allocated codes)Low (DB)Low (FAS analysis)Low (UBT)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Shekeban et al[44]OLLow (computer randomization)Some (OL)Low (complete follow-up)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Some
Tai et al[45]OLLow (computer randomization)Some (OL)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Some
Yan et al[46]OL, MCLow (central randomization)Some (OL MC)Low (ITT analysis)Low (objective UBT outcome)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Some
Erosive esophagitis RCTs (n = 10)
Ashida et al[47]DBLow (central randomization)Low (DB)Low (complete follow-up)Low (blinded endoscopy)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Ashida et al[48]DBLow (central randomization)Low (DB Ph3)Low (ITT analysis)Low (blinded endoscopy)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Xiao et al[49]DBLow (IWRS randomization)Low (DB Ph3)Low (FAS analysis)Low (central blinded endoscopy)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Laine et al[50]DBLow (IWRS central randomization)Low (DB Ph3)Low (mITT analysis)Low (central blinded endoscopy)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Chen et al[51]DBLow (computer randomization)Low (DB)Low (FAS analysis)Low (blinded endoscopy)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Oh et al[52] DBLow (IWRS randomization)Low (DB Ph3)Low (FAS analysis)Low (blinded endoscopy)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Lee et al[53]DBLow (stratified randomization)Low (DB)Low (FAS analysis)Low (blinded endoscopy)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Zhuang et al[54]DBLow (central randomization)Low (DB)Low (FAS analysis)Low (blinded endoscopy)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Lee et al[55]DBLow (stratified randomization)Low (DB)Low (FAS analysis)Low (blinded endoscopy)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low
Zhu et al[56]DBLow (central randomization)Low (DB)Low (FAS analysis)Low (blinded endoscopy)Low (pre-registered outcomes)Low


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