Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 21, 2026; 32(39): 121372
Published online Oct 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.121372
Published online Oct 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.121372
Table 4 Risk of bias assessment for Included randomized controlled trials
| Ref. | Design | D1: Randomization | D2: Deviations | D3: Missing data | D4: Measurement | D5: Reporting | Overall |
| H. pylori eradication RCTs (n = 30, 32 comparisons) | |||||||
| Murakami et al[18] | DB, NI | Low (computer, stratified) | Low (DB) | Low (FAS/PPS) | Low (UBT) | Low (Ph3) | Low |
| Maruyama et al[19] | OL | Some (quasi-random: Odd/even MRN) | Some (OL) | Low (complete follow-up) | Low (UBT) | Low (primary outcome reported) | Some |
| Sue et al[20] | OL | Low (Web-based minimization) | Some (OL) | Low (minimal dropout) | Low (UBT) | Low (pre-registered outcome) | Some |
| Chey et al[3] (triple) | DB, NI | Low (Web-based central, block size 6) | Low (DB, double-dummy) | Low (mITT analysis, balanced dropout) | Low (central lab blinded UBT) | Low (pre-registered primary endpoint) | Low |
| Chey et al[3] (dual) | OL | Low (central web-based) | Some (OL arm) | Low (mITT analysis) | Low (central lab blinded UBT) | Low (pre-registered endpoint) | Some |
| Choi et al[21] | DB, NI | Low (stratified block) | Low (double-dummy design) | Low (FAS analysis, minimal dropout) | Low (blinded UBT/histology) | Low (protocol-specified outcomes) | Low |
| Han et al[22] | OL | Low (computer-generated sequence) | Some (OL) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (outcomes per protocol) | Some |
| Huang et al[23] | OL | Low (random number table) | Some (OL) | Low (complete follow-up) | Low (objective UBT/histology) | Low (primary outcome reported) | Some |
| Kim et al[24] | DB | Low (stratified block) | Low (DB active-controlled) | Low (mITT/PP both reported) | Low (blinded UBT) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Lu et al[25] | OL, NI | Low (block randomization) | Some (OL) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Some |
| Peng et al[26] | OL, MC | Low (central randomization) | Some (OL MC) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Some |
| Qian et al[27] | OL | Low (computer randomization) | Some (OL) | Low (complete follow-up) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (primary outcome reported) | Some |
| Wang et al[28] | OL | Low (randomized, method NR) | Some (OL) | Low (per abstract) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Some (conference abstract only) | Some |
| Chen et al[29] | OL, NI | Low (central randomization) | Some (OL) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Some |
| Cheung et al[30] | OL | Low (computer-generated, opaque envelopes) | Some (OL) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Some |
| DWP14012[31] | DB, Ph3 | Low (IWRS centralized) | Low (DB Ph3) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (blinded UBT) | Some (conference abstract only) | Some |
| Huang et al[32] | OL, MC | Low (central randomization) | Some (OL MC) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Some |
| Kong et al[33] | OL, NI | Low (computer randomization) | Some (OL) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (primary outcome reported) | Some |
| Lee et al[34] | OL, NI | Low (stratified block) | Some (OL Seq) | Low (mITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Some |
| Liang et al[35] | OL, MC | Low (block randomization 1:1) | Some (OL MC) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT/histology) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Some |
| Lin et al[36] | OL | Low (computer randomization) | Some (OL) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (Primary outcome reported) | Some |
| Tan et al[37] | DB, NI | Low (computer-generated sequence) | Low (DB) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (blinded UBT/histology) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Zhou et al[38] | OL, MC | Low (central randomization) | Some (OL MC) | Low (mITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Some |
| Cheng et al[39] | OL, MC | Low (computer randomization) | Some (OL MC) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (primary outcome reported) | Some |
| Fan et al[40] | OL | Low (computer randomization) | Some (OL) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (primary outcome reported) | Some |
| Fan et al[41] | OL, MC | Low (central randomization) | Some (OL MC) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (primary outcome reported) | Some |
| Han et al[42] | OL | Low (computer randomization) | Some (OL) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (primary outcome reported) | Some |
| Park et al[43] (50mg) | DB, NI | Low (IWRS seed-allocated codes) | Low (DB) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (UBT) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Park et al[43] (100mg) | DB, NI | Low (IWRS seed-allocated codes) | Low (DB) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (UBT) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Shekeban et al[44] | OL | Low (computer randomization) | Some (OL) | Low (complete follow-up) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Some |
| Tai et al[45] | OL | Low (computer randomization) | Some (OL) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Some |
| Yan et al[46] | OL, MC | Low (central randomization) | Some (OL MC) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (objective UBT outcome) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Some |
| Erosive esophagitis RCTs (n = 10) | |||||||
| Ashida et al[47] | DB | Low (central randomization) | Low (DB) | Low (complete follow-up) | Low (blinded endoscopy) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Ashida et al[48] | DB | Low (central randomization) | Low (DB Ph3) | Low (ITT analysis) | Low (blinded endoscopy) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Xiao et al[49] | DB | Low (IWRS randomization) | Low (DB Ph3) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (central blinded endoscopy) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Laine et al[50] | DB | Low (IWRS central randomization) | Low (DB Ph3) | Low (mITT analysis) | Low (central blinded endoscopy) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Chen et al[51] | DB | Low (computer randomization) | Low (DB) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (blinded endoscopy) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Oh et al[52] | DB | Low (IWRS randomization) | Low (DB Ph3) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (blinded endoscopy) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Lee et al[53] | DB | Low (stratified randomization) | Low (DB) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (blinded endoscopy) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Zhuang et al[54] | DB | Low (central randomization) | Low (DB) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (blinded endoscopy) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Lee et al[55] | DB | Low (stratified randomization) | Low (DB) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (blinded endoscopy) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
| Zhu et al[56] | DB | Low (central randomization) | Low (DB) | Low (FAS analysis) | Low (blinded endoscopy) | Low (pre-registered outcomes) | Low |
- Citation: Gong EJ, Bang CS, Lee JJ, Baik GH. Comparative efficacy and pharmacological heterogeneity of individual potassium-competitive acid blockers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(39): 121372
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i39/121372.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.121372