Gut microbial metabolites as key mediators in inflammatory bowel disease

Figure 2 Effect of 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharides on indicators of the intestinal barrier integrity and inflammation in Caco-2 cells. A: Transepithelial electrical resistance; B: Apparent permeability coefficient (P_app) for monolayer permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran; C: Gene expression of tight junction proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines; D: Interleukin-8 content in culture medium. Values are shown as medians and interquartile range (from min to max). All assays were performed in four independent experiments, each comprising 5-6 biological replicates per group. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs the control, Mann-Whitney U test. TEER: Transepithelial electrical resistance; P_app: Apparent permeability coefficient; LPS: Lipopolysaccharides; IL-8: Interleukin-8; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.