Resolved hepatitis B is associated with higher reactivation risk than chronic infection after chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

doi:10.3748/wjg.120320

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Oct 21, 2026; 32(39): 120320
Published online Oct 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.120320

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population, median (interquartile range)/n (%)

Characteristics	Total, n = 976	Reactivation (+), n = 60	Reactivation (-), n = 916	P value
Demographics
Age, years	60.3 (53.3-67.6)	60.4 (52.7-65.4)	60.3 (53.3-67.7)	0.463
Male sex	788 (80.7)	49 (81.7)	739 (80.7)	0.985
Comorbidities
Hypertension	245 (25.1)	13 (21.7)	232 (25.3)	0.631
Diabetes	192 (19.7)	11 (18.3)	181 (19.8)	0.919
Dyslipidemia	116 (11.9)	8 (13.3)	108 (11.8)	0.879
Cirrhosis	844 (86.5)	55 (91.7)	789 (86.1)	0.308
Child-Pugh score A	891 (91.3)	55 (91.7)	836 (91.3)	> 0.999
Albumin, g/dL	4.0 (3.5-4.3)	4.0 (3.6-4.3)	4.0 (3.5-4.3)	0.744
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	0.7 (0.5-1.0)	0.7 (0.5-0.9)	0.7 (0.5-1.0)	0.315
INR	1.02 (0.97-1.09)	1.04 (0.97-1.10)	1.02 (0.97-1.09)	0.592
Platelets, × 10⁹/L	130 (89-171)	128 (82-164)	131 (91-171)	0.332
HBV serology and virology
Chronic HBV (HBsAg+)	727 (74.5)	50 (83.3)	677 (73.9)
Resolved HBV (HBsAg-/anti-HBc+)	47 (4.8)	10 (16.7)	37 (4.0)
Indeterminate	202 (20.7)	0	202 (22.0)
HBeAg status				0.214
Positive	224 (23.0)	13 (21.7)	211 (23.0)
Negative	598 (61.3)	42 (70.0)	556 (60.7)
Unknown	154 (15.8)	5 (8.3)	149 (16.3)
HBV DNA detectable	541 (55.4)	30 (50.0)	511 (55.8)	0.460
HBV DNA, log₁₀ IU/mL	1.7 (0.0-3.8)	1.3 (1.0-3.2)	1.7 (0.0-3.8)	0.290
Tumor characteristics
Maximal tumor size, cm	2.4 (1.6-4.0)	2.5 (2.0-3.7)	2.4 (1.6-4.0)	0.446
AFP, ng/mL	15.8 (4.8-166.6)	50.2 (5.1-218.7)	15.0 (4.7-163.4)	0.277
PIVKA-II, mAU/mL	43 (24-193)	38 (18-168)	44 (24-197)	0.241
TACE-related
TACE sessions	2 (1-3)	2 (1-3)	2 (1-3)	0.044

P values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the χ² or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, as appropriate. Indeterminate hepatitis B virus serostatus: Patients with incomplete serological data insufficient for classification as chronic or resolved hepatitis B virus infection.

INR: International normalized ratio; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HBc: Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; PIVKA-II: Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II.

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Citation: Kim DY, Jeong J, Hong JP, Lee JS, Kim MN, Kim BK, Kim SU, Park JY, Ahn SH, Kim DY, Lee HW. Resolved hepatitis B is associated with higher reactivation risk than chronic infection after chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(39): 120320
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i39/120320.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.120320

Kim DY, Jeong J, Hong JP, Lee JS, Kim MN, Kim BK, Kim SU, Park JY, Ahn SH, Kim DY, Lee HW. Resolved hepatitis B is associated with higher reactivation risk than chronic infection after chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(39): 120320 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.120320]

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