Gut microbiota-multi-organ axis and neuroinflammatory network: A potential integrative hub in aging and age-related diseases

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the gut microbiota-multi-organ axis network in aging and age-related diseases. TMAO: Trimethylamine N-oxide; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; TMA: Trimethylamine; FMO3: Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3; SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids; BBB: Blood-brain barrier; NLPR3: Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; JAK: Janus kinase; STAT: Signal transducer and activator of transcription; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; TFHL: Total flavonoids from hawthorn leaves.