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Opinion Review
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 28, 2026; 32(36): 119520
Published online Sep 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.119520
Table 2 Major microbial metabolites and their organ-level effects
Metabolite
Source
Target organ
Biological effect
SCFAsGut microbiota fermentationBrainAnti-inflammatory, BBB protection
TMAOCholine metabolismCardiovascularPro-inflammatory, atherogenic
Bile acidsLiver-microbiota interactionLiver/metabolismSignaling regulation
LPSGram-negative bacteriaSystemicInflammation activation
Tryptophan metabolitesMicrobial metabolismBrainNeurotransmitter modulation


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