Cladosporium cladosporioides ameliorates visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome-like mice by inhibiting dectin-1 signaling and mast cell activation

Figure 4 Gavage with Cladosporium cladosporioides inhibited colonic inflammation and mast cell activation. A: Mast cell tryptase expression based on western blot analysis of colonic mucosa; B: Quantification of tryptase protein levels normalized to β-actin levels; C: Mast cell tryptase mRNA expression based on reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction of colonic mucosa. One outlier identified and removed with Turkey outlier analysis in saline + Cladosporium cladosporioides group; D: Cytokine mRNA expression based on reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction of colonic mucosa; E: Serum mast cell tryptase detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; F: Cytokine expression in colonic mucosa detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Two-way ANOVA (n = 7). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. TNBS: Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; MCP: Monocyte chemoattractant protein; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin.