Liver-spleen axis: Deciphering a crucial crosstalk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression and therapeutic implications

doi:10.3748/wjg.119467

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Sep 14, 2026; 32(34): 119467
Published online Sep 14, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.119467

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Figure 8 Gut-liver axis in cirrhosis: A vicious cycle. Initial events and sub-sequential molecular processes linking gut and liver in cirrhosis. α-SMA: Alpha smooth muscle actin; HDAC: Histone deacetylase; IL: Interleukin; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3; PAMP: Pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SCFA: Short-chain fatty acid; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-beta; TJ: Tight junctions; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; TMAO: Trimethylamine N-oxide; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha.

Citation: Tarantino G, Citro V. Liver-spleen axis: Deciphering a crucial crosstalk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression and therapeutic implications. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(34): 119467
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i34/119467.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.119467

Tarantino G, Citro V. Liver-spleen axis: Deciphering a crucial crosstalk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression and therapeutic implications. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(34): 119467 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.119467]

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