Association of topical Tongxuekang Fumigation-washing with early wound recovery after hemorrhoidectomy: A retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Comparison of healing and pain-related outcomes between groups, mean ± SD/n (%)/mean (interquartile range)

Group	Complete epithelization time (days)	Visual analog scale (score)			Additional analgesia	Number of follow-up visits (times)
		3rd day	7th day	14th day
Control (n = 150)	21 (19, 24)	6.1 ± 1.3	4.2 ± 1.4	2.3 ± 1.2	48 (32.0)	2 (1, 3)
Tongxuekang fumigation-washing (n = 150)	18 (16, 21)	5.4 ± 1.2	3.5 ± 1.2	1.8 ± 1.0	31 (20.7)	1 (1, 2)
Statistic	Z = 6.821	t = 4.702	t = 4.640	t = 3.921	χ2 = 5.010	Z = 3.952
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.025	< 0.001

Skewed variables are expressed as mean (interquartile range) and were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The number of follow-up contacts reflects early healthcare utilization rather than a direct measure of recovery or adherence.