Automatic recognition of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in pathological biopsy images of the gastric mucosa

Table 5 Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of prognostic factors in patients with early gastric cancer

Prognostic Index	Variable	HR	95%CI	P value
DFS	G-AI-TIL ≥ 28.5% (vs < 28.5%)	0.58	0.37-0.91	0.018
	Age (per 1-year increase)	1.04	1.02-1.06	< 0.001
	Tumour invasion depth (submucosa vs mucosa)	1.87	1.12-3.12	0.016
	Ulcers (present vs absent)	1.32	0.81-2.15	0.257
OS	G-AI-TIL ≥ 28.5% (vs < 28.5%)	0.55	0.35-0.86	0.009
	Age (per 1-year increase)	1.05	1.03-1.07	< 0.001
	Tumour invasion depth (submucosa vs mucosa)	1.93	1.15-3.24	0.013
	Ulcers (present vs absent)	1.41	0.85-2.34	0.180

Hazard ratio (HR) < 1 indicates an independent protective factor, and HR > 1 indicates an independent risk factor; Variable assignment: Gastric artificial intelligence-based tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (< 28.5% = 0, ≥ 28.5% = 1), depth of tumour invasion (mucosal layer = 0, submucosal layer = 1), ulcer (absent = 0, present = 1), age is a continuous variable (per 1-year increase). DFS: Disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; G-AI-TIL: Gastric artificial intelligence-based tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.