Deep-learning-based object detection of pelvic autonomic nerves during total mesorectal excision

Figure 4 Characteristics of false-positive and false-negative recognition by the deep learning model. A-E: False-positive analysis: Cord-like fibrous tissue (A); Vascular-related structures (B); Fat-related structures (C); Peritoneal incision and mesenteric tissue (D); Surgery-related artifacts (E); F-J: False-negative analysis: Deep embedding in tissue (F); Insufficient exposure (G); Fat adhesion (H); Accompanying blood vessels (I); Bleeding (J). HN: Hypogastric nerves; PN: Pelvic nerve; IMP: Inferior mesenteric plexus; NVB: Neurovascular bundle.