Deep-learning-based object detection of pelvic autonomic nerves during total mesorectal excision

Table 4 Comparison of initial recognition and duration of tracking time between the deep learning model and senior surgeon, mean ± SD

Category	Group	Initial recognition time					Tracking duration
		Sample size (n)	Time (seconds)	Delta (95%CI)	t value	P value	Sample size (n)	Time (seconds)	Delta (95%CI)	t value	P value
IMP	DL model	32	2.08 ± 5.91	3.83 (1.03-6.64)	2.749	0.0081	28	199.41 ± 142.40	62.82 (19.94-107.88)	3.026	0.0061
	Senior surgeon	32	5.92 ± 8.59				28	136.59 ± 98.43
SHP	DL model	32	2.15 ± 6.12	3.91 (1.10-6.72)	2.801	0.0071	15	192.75 ± 137.80	59.34 (18.76-101.92)	2.914	0.0071
	Senior surgeon	32	6.06 ± 8.85				15	133.41 ± 95.90
HN	DL model	32	1.97 ± 5.63	3.68 (0.98-6.38)	2.654	0.0091	30	204.17 ± 145.60	64.93 (20.61-111.25)	3.092	0.0051
	Senior surgeon	32	5.65 ± 8.21				30	139.24 ± 100.70
PN	DL model	32	2.12 ± 6.03	3.87 (1.07-6.67)	2.783	0.0081	56	207.32 ± 148.20	66.45 (21.15-113.75)	3.158	0.0041
	Senior surgeon	32	5.99 ± 8.73				56	140.87 ± 101.90
NVB	DL model	32	2.21 ± 6.25	3.98 (1.15-6.81)	2.845	0.0061	20	188.63 ± 134.50	57.21 (17.98-98.44)	2.857	0.0081
	Senior surgeon	32	6.19 ± 9.02				20	131.42 ± 93.80

¹Compared with the senior surgeon group.

CI: Confidence interval; DL: Deep learning; IMP: Inferior mesenteric plexus; SHP: Superior hypogastric plexus; HN: Hypogastric nerve; PN: Pelvic nerve; NVB: Neurovascular bundle.