Research progress in laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery for early gastric cancer: A narrative review

Figure 2 Inverted laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery operation steps. A: Endoscopic submucosal dissection and mucosal resection; B: Sutures suspend the gastric wall, forming a crown-like structure; C: Under laparoscopy, part of the seromuscular layer is dissected, and the tumor is inverted into the gastric cavity; D: Continuation of seromuscular layer dissection, followed by transoral extraction of the intact tumor tissue. The incision is then closed using a laparoscopic mechanical stapler.