Research progress in laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery for early gastric cancer: A narrative review

Table 3 Comparison of three surgical procedures for early gastric cancer

Surgical procedures	Oncological outcomes	The incidence of complications	Risk exposure	Long-term follow-up results
LECS	High R0 resection rate, low recurrence rate	Low	The exposed LECS is relatively high, while the non-exposed LECS is relatively low	Long-term survival data beyond five years are still under documentation, yet notable restoration of gastric function and superior quality of life have been consistently observed
ESD	Higher R0 resection rate, higher recurrence rate	The incidence of bleeding and perforation is relatively high	This procedure carries a relatively high risk and poses a potential hazard for intraperitoneal seeding following perforation	The observed favorable five-year survival rate may necessitate subsequent surgical interventions
Traditional radical gastrectomy	High R0 resection rate and extremely low recurrence rate	High	Lower exposure risk	The five-year survival rate is high; however, long-term malnutrition leads to a decline in quality of life

LECS: Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.