Preoperative immunonutrition status predicts survival after colorectal cancer resection: Nomogram based on modified systemic inflammation score

Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohorts, n (%)

Characteristic	Cohort			P value
	Overall (n = 489)	Training cohort (n = 293)	Validation cohort (n = 196)
Gender				0.554
Female	205 (41.9)	126 (43.0)	79 (40.3)
Male	284 (58.1)	167 (57.0)	117 (59.7)
Age				0.058
< 45	48 (9.8)	36 (12.3)	12 (6.1)
> 60	259 (53.0)	155 (52.9)	104 (53.1)
45-60	182 (37.2)	102 (34.8)	80 (40.8)
BMI				0.661
< 18.5	16 (3.3)	11 (3.8)	5 (2.6)
> 28	59 (12.1)	33 (11.3)	26 (13.3)
18.5-24	211 (43.1)	131 (44.7)	80 (40.8)
24-28	203 (41.5)	118 (40.3)	85 (43.4)
Smoking				0.487
No	338 (69.1)	206 (70.3)	132 (67.3)
Yes	151 (30.9)	87 (29.7)	64 (32.7)
Drink				0.026
No	400 (81.8)	249 (85.0)	151 (77.0)
Yes	89 (18.2)	44 (15.0)	45 (23.0)
T stage				0.483
T1-2	102 (20.9)	58 (19.8)	44 (22.4)
T3	346 (70.8)	213 (72.7)	133 (67.9)
T4	41 (8.4)	22 (7.5)	19 (9.7)
N stage				0.634
N0	301 (61.6)	176 (60.1)	125 (63.8)
N1	115 (23.5)	70 (23.9)	45 (23.0)
N2	73 (14.9)	47 (16.0)	26 (13.3)
Tumor stage				0.477
I	88 (18.0)	48 (16.4)	40 (20.4)
II	213 (43.6)	128 (43.7)	85 (43.4)
III	188 (38.4)	117 (39.9)	71 (36.2)
Differentiated degree				0.499
Well	25 (5.1)	15 (5.1)	10 (5.1)
Moderately	334 (68.3)	194 (66.2)	140 (71.4)
Poorly	87 (17.8)	54 (18.4)	33 (16.8)
Undifferentiated	43 (8.8)	30 (10.2)	13 (6.6)
Nerve invasion				0.780
No	407 (83.2)	245 (83.6)	162 (82.7)
Yes	82 (16.8)	48 (16.4)	34 (17.3)
Intravascular tumor emboli				0.063
No	401 (82.0)	248 (84.6)	153 (78.1)
Yes	88 (18.0)	45 (15.4)	43 (21.9)
CEA				0.721
High	175 (35.8)	103 (35.2)	72 (36.7)
Normal	314 (64.2)	190 (64.8)	124 (63.3)
CA19-9				0.413
High	53 (10.8)	29 (9.9)	24 (12.2)
Normal	436 (89.2)	264 (90.1)	172 (87.8)

P values were calculated using Pearson’s χ² test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. BMI: Body mass index; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.