Percutaneous vs surgical management of World Health Organization cystic echinococcosis 1 and 3a liver hydatid cysts

Table 4 Comparison of clinical parameters in patients with and without fistula development, mean ± SD

Parameter	Treatment group	Cystobiliary fistula (+)	Cystobiliary fistula (-)	P value
Hospital stay (days)	Surgical	10.3 ± 5.7	6.7 ± 6.0	0.002a
	Percutaneous	9.4 ± 4.9	2.7 ± 1.5	< 0.001a
	All patients	9.9 ± 5.3	5.4 ± 4.6	< 0.001a
Catheter removal time (days)	Surgical	8.3 ± 4.9	5.9 ± 2.7	0.018a
	Percutaneous	17.8 ± 8.7	3.5 ± 2.9	< 0.001a
	All patients	13.0 ± 8.9	4.5 ± 3.2	< 0.001a
Initial volume (mL)	Surgical	774.8 ± 513.2	356.7 ± 95.6	< 0.001a
	Percutaneous	700.9 ± 288.2	346.5 ± 279.2	< 0.001a
	All patients	726.8 ± 397.6	351.1 ± 226.4	< 0.001a

^aP < 0.05.