Percutaneous vs surgical management of World Health Organization cystic echinococcosis 1 and 3a liver hydatid cysts

Table 2 Comparison of complications in surgical and percutaneous treatment groups, n (%)

Type of complication	Surgical (n = 734)	Percutaneous (n = 255)	P value
Major complication	155 (21.1)	63 (24.7)	0.234
Cystobiliary fistula	113 (15.4)	43 (16.8)	0.651
Isolated cystobiliary fistula	107 (14.6)	38 (14.9)	0.880
Fistula + infection	6 (0.8)	5 (2.1)	0.231
Isolated cavity infection	5 (0.7)	0 (0)	0.342
Recollection	9 (1.23)	12 (4.71)	0.001a
Recurrence	8 (1.09)	4 (1.57)	0.550
Anaphylaxis	2 (0.3)	4 (1.6)	0.041a
Intraoperative iatrogenic injury	20 (2.7)	0 (0)	0.002a
Diaphragm	6 (0.8)	0 (0)
Liver	12 (1.6)	0 (0)
Intestinal	2 (0.3)	0 (0)
Mortality	0 (0)	0 (0)
Minor complications	172 (23.4)	47 (18.4)	0.092
Pain	143 (19.5)	28 (11.0)	0.002a
Fever	27 (3.7)	9 (3.5)	0.891
Pleural effusion	27 (3.7)	8 (3.1)	0.690
Urticaria	2 (0.3)	2 (0.8)	0.262
Incisional/umbilical hernia	9 (1.2)	0 (0)	0.067

^aP < 0.05.