Targeting Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation: A human-derived hepatoprotective peptide human liver transplantation peptide 1 attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

Figure 3 Human liver transplantation peptide 1 alleviates liver damage during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. A: Schematic diagram of mouse liver ischemia-reperfusion injury modelling; B: Gross view of liver after ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice; C: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver sections. Scale bar = 20 μm; D: Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase level; E: Suzuki’s score of Hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver sections; F: Representative images of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining (green) performed on liver sections. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 20 μm; G: Quantitative analysis of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining; H: Representative tissue immunofluorescence images of liver sections stained for neutrophils (Ly6G, green) and macrophages (F4/80, red). Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 20 μm; I: Quantitative analysis of Ly6G and F4/80; J: Serum interleukin-6 level; K: Serum tumor necrosis factor-α level. HLTP1: Human liver transplantation peptide 1; iv. Q12h: Intravenous injection every 12 hours; HIRI: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury; NS: Normal saline; NC: Negative control; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TUNEL: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, and ^dP < 0.0001.