Is salvage treatment necessary after incomplete resection of rectal neuroendocrine tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Ref.	Design	Country	Period	Rectal NET cases (n)	Primary endoscopic resection method
					cEMR	mEMR	ESD	Hybrid ESD	CSP	CFP	EC	Missing data
Cha et al[19]	Retrospective	Korea	Between 2008 and 2018	260	126	113	21
Cha et al[20]	Retrospective	Korea	Between January 2005 and December 2016	322	97	122	103
Chatila et al[21]	Retrospective	United States	Between January 2023 and October 2023	10	2					4		4
Cheminel et al[22]	Retrospective	France	Between January 2000 and December 2021	86	14				23	48		1
Cho et al[23]	Retrospective	Korea	Between January 2003 and December 2012	411	300		111
Choi et al[24]	Retrospective	Korea	Between December 2008 and November 2015	134		81	53
Chung et al[25]	Retrospective	Korea	Between January 2013 and April 2018	337	81	143	113
Dell’Unto et al[26]	Retrospective	Italy	Between 2010 and 2021	31		2			14			15
Duan et al[27]	Retrospective	China	Between December 2012 and June 2023	527	213	199	113	2
Heo et al[28]	Retrospective	Korea	Between September 2007 and October 2012	82	34	48
Hwang et al[29]	Retrospective	Korea	Between 2003 and 2014	407	19				68			320
Inoue et al[30]	Retrospective	Japan	Between January 2003 and December 2012	115	43	25	47
Jeon et al[31]	Retrospective	Korea	Between January 2007 and December 2009	31	6				25
Ju et al[32]	Retrospective	Korea	Between January 2018 and December 2022	121	8		2		9	95		7
Kaneko et al[33]	Retrospective	Japan	Between April 2001 and August 2013	46		22	24
Kim et al[34]	Retrospective	Korea	Between October 1999 and November 2010	107	105				2
Kim et al[35]	Retrospective	Korea	Between October 2004 and December 2019	401
Kim et al[36]	Retrospective	Korea	Between January 2012 and October 2021	68	10				11	47
Kim et al[37]	Retrospective	Korea	Between January 1995 and March 2007	30	22	6	2
Kusuhara et al[38]	Retrospective	Japan	Between September 2007 and May 2023	50
Lee et al[39]	Retrospective	Japan	Between 2009 and 2018	346	119	72	155
Li et al[40]	Retrospective	China	Between January 2010 and September 2019	428	211		179			12	26
Moon et al[14]	Retrospective	Korea	Between March 2007 and December 2009	35			35
Moon et al[41]	Retrospective	Korea	Between January 2000 and November 2012	407	211	92	38		66
Nakamura et al[42]	Retrospective	Japan	Between April 2001 and March 2012	170	11	108	51
Oh et al[43]	Retrospective	Korea	Between January 2010 and November 2023	212	103	22	8		35	44
Park et al[44]	Retrospective	Korea	Between January 2020 and August 2023	378	35	5			25	30
Seo et al[45]	Retrospective	Korea	Between 2008 and 2023	202
Sun et al[13]	Retrospective	China	Between January 2010 and December 2016	95			436
Sung et al[46]	Retrospective	Korea	Between January 2000 and June 2010	77	14	58	5
Takita et al[47]	Retrospective	Japan	Between January 2005 and March 2014	139	10	117	12
Wang et al[48]	Retrospective	China	Between February 2011 and September 2018	272			161	111
Zheng et al[49]	Retrospective	China	Between August 2010 and October 2019	98		36	62
Zhuang et al[50]	Retrospective	China	Between January 2013 and December 2021	326	39	6	247		12	32

NET: Neuroendocrine tumor; CSP: Cold snare polypectomy; cEMR: Conventional endoscopic mucosal resection; mEMR: Modified endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; CFP: Cold forceps polypectomy; EC: Electrocoagulation.