Biosimilars in inflammatory bowel disease: Beyond evidence, toward trust and implementation

Figure 3 Pragmatic 5-step framework for biosimilar initiation or switching in inflammatory bowel disease. This figure presents an author-proposed clinical framework for structured biosimilar integration in routine inflammatory bowel disease care. The model includes scenario classification, risk stratification, structured communication, objective monitoring, and outcome assessment. It also identifies clinical situations in which switching may reasonably be deferred until treatment stability is achieved. This framework is intended as a practical decision-support model rather than a formally validated algorithm or guideline. TDM: Therapeutic drug monitoring; CD: Crohn’s disease.