Outpatient visit frequency in patients with overlapping non-erosive reflux disease and epigastric pain syndrome: A multicenter study

Table 3 Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis of factors independently associated with higher outpatient visit frequency

Variables	OR (adjusted)	95%CI	P value
Age	1.02	1.00-1.04	0.02
Disease duration of NERD	1.004	1.001-1.007	< 0.01
GERD-Q	1.00	0.94-1.06	0.95
PHQ-4	1.08	1.01-1.16	0.02
PHQ-15	0.96	0.92-1.01	0.14
SRSS	1.03	1.00-1.05	0.06
GSRS	1.00	0.98-1.02	0.88
Mixed labor	3.37	2.11-5.40	< 0.001
Manual labor	1.91	1.22-3.00	0.01
Primary school	1.31	0.64-2.69	0.46
Secondary school	0.95	0.6-1.39	0.77
Married	2.05	1.27-3.30	< 0.01
PPIs	1.39	1.00-1.94	0.05
Prokinetics	1.12	0.70-1.80	0.63
Mucosal protectives	1.53	0.99-2.35	0.05
Probiotics	1.39	0.87-2.27	0.19
Chinese herbal preparations	6.64	4.31-10.24	< 0.001
Chronic pharyngitis	1.18	0.82-1.70	0.38
Cardiovascular diseases	1.72	1.12-2.64	0.01
Endocrine and metabolic diseases	0.88	0.60-1.31	0.53

For disease duration of non-erosive reflux disease, adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval are presented with three decimal places to accurately reflect the precise values (adjusted odds ratio = 1.004, 95% confidence interval: 1.001-1.007), as rounding to two decimal places would incorrectly display as 1.00 and suggest no association. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; NERD: Non-erosive reflux disease; GERD-Q: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire; PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire; SRSS: Self-Rating Scale of Sleep; GSRS: Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale; PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors.