Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 28, 2026; 32(28): 119326
Published online Jul 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.119326
Published online Jul 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.119326
Table 1 Baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of study patients with non-erosive reflux disease and epigastric pain syndrome overlap, n (%)
| Variables | All patients (n = 800) |
| Demographic characteristics | |
| Age, years | 45 |
| Sex (male) | 300 (33.33) |
| BMI | 22.46 |
| Occupational category | |
| Manual labor | 191 (23.88) |
| Mental labor | 417 (52.13) |
| Mixed labor | 192 (24.00) |
| Education level | |
| Primary school | 41 (5.13) |
| Secondary school | 281 (35.13) |
| Tertiary education | 478 (59.75) |
| Primary residence | |
| Urban | 695 (86.88) |
| Rural | 105 (13.13) |
| Marital status (yes) | 597 (74.63) |
| Clinical characteristics | |
| Smoking history (yes) | 135 (16.88) |
| Drinking history (yes) | 319 (39.88) |
| History of intestinal inflammation (yes) | 101 (12.63) |
| History of abdominal surgery (yes) | 74 (9.25) |
| Disease duration, months | |
| NERD | 17 |
| EPS | 12 |
| Triggering factors | |
| Dietary discomfort | 583 (72.88) |
| Weather variation | 237 (29.63) |
| Physical fatigue | 255 (31.88) |
| Emotional stress | 382 (47.75) |
| Comorbidity | |
| Chronic pharyngitis | 168 (21.00) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 139 (17.38) |
| Endocrine and metabolic diseases | 148 (18.50) |
| Medication classes (past 3 months) | |
| PPIs | 327 (40.88) |
| Histamine H2-receptor antagonists | 43 (5.38) |
| Prokinetics | 88 (11.00) |
| Mucosal protectives | 117 (14.63) |
| Probiotics | 78 (9.75) |
| Chinese herbal preparations | 555 (69.38) |
| Outpatient visits (past 3 months) | |
| 1-2 times | 461 (57.63) |
| 3-4 times | 168 (21.00) |
| ≥ 5 times | 171 (21.38) |
| Scale scores | |
| GERD-Q | 8 |
| PHQ-4 | |
| Asymptomatic (0-2) | 421 (52.63) |
| Mild (3-5) | 242 (30.25) |
| Moderate (6-8) | 109 (13.63) |
| Severe (9-12) | 28 (3.50) |
| PHQ-15 | |
| Asymptomatic (0-4) | 205 (25.63) |
| Mild (5-9) | 278 (34.75) |
| Moderate (10-14) | 204 (25.50) |
| Severe (15-30) | 113 (14.13) |
| SRSS | |
| Asymptomatic (10-19) | 263 (32.88) |
| Mild (20-29) | 357 (44.63) |
| Moderate (30-39) | 158 (19.75) |
| Severe (40-50) | 22 (2.75) |
| GSRS | |
| Mild (15-30) | 336 (42.00) |
| Moderate (31-45) | 308 (38.50) |
| Severe (46-60) | 126 (15.75) |
| Very severe (> 60) | 30 (3.75) |
- Citation: Lv M, Liu X, Huang KY, Xu LS, Che H, Yao MX, Wang FY. Outpatient visit frequency in patients with overlapping non-erosive reflux disease and epigastric pain syndrome: A multicenter study. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(28): 119326
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i28/119326.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.119326