Gastric cancer-derived exosomal indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 drives immunosuppression in gastric cancer by suppressing dendritic cell maturation

Figure 5 Gastric cancer-derived exosomal indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 promotes tumor immune escape by suppressing dendritic cell maturation and T cell activation. A and B: Representative flow plots showing the abundance of tumor-infiltrating cluster of differentiation (CD) 11c⁺Lin^- dendritic cells (DCs) and quantification of the percentages of CD11c⁺Lin^- DCs; C-F: Representative flow cytometry histograms showing the expression of CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II on gated tumor-infiltrating CD11c⁺Lin^- DCs and expression of maturation markers calculated by mean fluorescence intensity; G-I: Representative flow plots showing the population of interferon-γ⁺ CD8⁺ T cells and granzyme B⁺ CD8⁺ T cells and quantification. Data were presented as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.01. CD: Cluster of differentiation; DC: Dendritic cell; exo: Exosomal; IFN: Interferon; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; MFI: Mean fluorescence intensity; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; sh-IDO1: Short hairpin RNA targeting indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1; sh-NC: Short hairpin RNA targeting negative control.