Gram-negative bacteria and endotoxins promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression through the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells

doi:10.3748/wjg.118794

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2026; 32(27): 118794
Published online Jul 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.118794

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Figure 1 Lipopolysaccharide was found present in both tumor and non-tumor tissues in paraffin sections of hepatocellular carcinoma. A: Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (50 μm) revealed the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in both tumor tissue regions and non-tumor tissue regions; B: LPS immunohistochemistry in different batches of HepG2 cells (100 μm). T: Tumor tissue region; N: Non-tumor tissue region; HE: Hematoxylin-eosin; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; LTA: Lipoteichoic acid.

Citation: Zhang Y, Zhou YL, Nie X, Zhang LJ, Xu WW, Wang JQ, Zhao HL, Xu JK, Xu J, Xu HM, Li JH, Huang WQ, Yang J, Yang YX, Zhan Q, Lin Y, Nie YQ. Gram-negative bacteria and endotoxins promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression through the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(27): 118794
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i27/118794.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.118794

Zhang Y, Zhou YL, Nie X, Zhang LJ, Xu WW, Wang JQ, Zhao HL, Xu JK, Xu J, Xu HM, Li JH, Huang WQ, Yang J, Yang YX, Zhan Q, Lin Y, Nie YQ. Gram-negative bacteria and endotoxins promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression through the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(27): 118794 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.118794]

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