Contribution of the appendix to ulcerative colitis by supplying pathogenic immunoglobulin G-producing cells

Figure 4 Inflammatory milieu influences germinal center reactions in the appendices of patients with ulcerative colitis. A: Uniform manifold approximation and projection; single-cell landscape of appendiceal B cells; B: Dot plot; expression levels of marker genes across B-cell subsets; C: Frequencies of B-cell subsets in ulcerative colitis/controls; D: Isotype distribution in germinal center B (GC B) cells; E: Immunoglobulin somatic mutation frequencies subsets. Box-and-whisker plot; median and interquartile range; F: Canonical pathway enhanced in GC B cells; G: Predicted upstream regulators enhanced or suppressed in GC B cells. Scatter plots with median line for each group. ulcerative colitis, n = 4; controls, n = 5 (C and D). GC B: Germinal center B; Ig: Immunoglobulin; UC: Ulcerative colitis; UMAP: Uniform manifold approximation and projection.