Contribution of the appendix to ulcerative colitis by supplying pathogenic immunoglobulin G-producing cells

Figure 3 Aberrant immunoglobulin G production in the appendices of patients with ulcerative colitis. A: Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP); unsupervised clustering of appendiceal plasma cells; B: Dot plot; expression frequencies and signature gene levels across clusters; C: Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 expression on UMAP; D: Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (left) and immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2 (right) expression on UMAP; E: Cell cycle scores (S score and G2M score) for clusters; F: Frequencies of plasma cell clusters in ulcerative colitis (n = 4), controls (n = 5); G: Frequencies of each Ig isotype in ulcerative colitis/controls. Scatter plots with a median line (F and G). ^aP < 0.05. Ig: Immunoglobulin; IGHA1: Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1; IGHG1: Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1; IGHG2: Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2; UMAP: Uniform manifold approximation and projection; UC: Ulcerative colitis.