Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score is a useful tool for carotid atherosclerosis screening in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population, n (%)/mean ± SD

Features	Control (n = 32)	OSA (n = 112)	P value
Age (years)	54.38 ± 8.64	58.68 ± 8.64	0.014
Gender			0.015
Women	20 (62.5)	42 (37.5)
Men	12 (37.5)	70 (62.5)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	28.91 ± 5.54	30.34 ± 5.79	0.215
Arterial hypertension	9 (28.1)	59 (52.7)	0.016
Previous history of CVD	1 (3.1)	12 (10.7)	0.298
Current smoking	10 (31.2)	24 (21.4)	0.345
Diabetes mellitus type 2	2 (6.3)	16 (14.3)	0.363
Glucose (mg/dL)	97.38 ± 13.37	105.60 ± 29.92	0.071
Insulin levels (μU/L)	11.54 ± 13.26	17.19 ± 13.26	0.001
HOMA-IR score	2.93 ± 2.27	5.13 ± 8.20	0.001
Glycated Hb (%)	5.62 ± 0.53	5.70 ± 0.74	0.668
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	106.47 ± 66.57	138.41 ± 81.74	0.006
Total cholesterol	196.81 ± 39.17	192.22 ± 33.73	0.514
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	57.53 ± 12.96	54.30 ± 18.65	0.361
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	115.22 ± 30.75	110.21 ± 32.98	0.443
VLDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	21.25 ± 13.24	27.45 ± 15.11	0.005
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.89 ± 0.16	0.89 ± 0.18	0.847
Glomerular filtration rate (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	83.98 ± 14.81	85.46 ± 16.04	0.640
ALT (IU/L)	18.78 ± 7.34	24.71 ± 14.38	0.008
AST (IU/L)	20.28 ± 5.61	22.76 ± 11.64	0.379
GGT (IU/L)	22.19 ± 13.03	34.46 ± 25.75	0.001
Iron (μg/dL)	78.47 ± 33.50	88.28 ± 28.81	0.104
Ferritin (ng/mL)	87.41 ± 72.14	143.89 ± 96.55	0.003
Transferrin (mg/dL)	244.26 ± 31.59	249.51 ± 36.54	0.468
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)	69.63 ± 22.69	66.54 ± 18.74	0.435
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)	182.72 ± 36.12	185.38 ± 36.60	0.718
Albumin (g/dL)	4.38 ± 0.27	4.44 ± 0.27	0.115
Platelets (109/L)	226.30 ± 71.27	228.20 ± 52.87	0.892
C reactive protein (mg/L)	0.42 ± 0.59	0.37 ± 0.41	0.953

OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; Hb: Hemoglobin; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase.