Calcium-dependent signaling protein family member S100A11 promotes liver and adipose lipid accumulation through fibroblast growth factor 21

Figure 3 S100A11 gene overexpression of in vitro promotes lipid accumulation in AML12 hepatocyte cell line. All data are presented as mean ± SE. n = 3-5 biological repeats. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test: ^aP < 0.05 vs recombinant adenoviruses encoding (AD) green fluorescent protein (GFP). A: AML12 cells infected with AD-S100A11 or AD-GFP as a control and observed under a fluorescent microscope after 48 hours, scale bar: 100 μm; B: Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect expression of S100A11 mRNA; C: AML12 cells were infected with AD-S100A11 or AD-GFP as a control and treated with 0 nmol/L, 62.5 nmol/L, or 125 nmol/L oleic acid for 36 hours to detect triglyceride concentration; D: AML12 cells were infected with AD-S100A11 or AD-GFP as a control and treated with 0 nmol/L, 62.5 nmol/L, or 125 nmol/L oleic acid for 36 hours to detect cholesterol concentration; E-H: Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect expression of liver lipid metabolism. AD-GFP: Recombinant adenoviruses encoding green fluorescent protein; AD-SA/AD-S100A11: Recombinant adenoviruses encoding S100A11; OA: Oleic acid; ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; DGAT: Diacylglycerol acyltransferase; FASN: Fatty acid synthase; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; Cpt1α: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α; MCADH: Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; HMGCR: 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase; SREBP2: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2; HMGCS1: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1.