Three-dimensional psoas muscle volume and longitudinal changes as predictors of outcomes in older patients with advanced pancreatic cancer

doi:10.3748/wjg.118757

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Jun 28, 2026; 32(24): 118757
Published online Jun 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.118757

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of enrolled patients, median (range)/n (%)

Characteristics	All patients	Sarcopenic patients	Non-sarcopenic patients	P value
Patients	150	46 (30.7)	104 (69.3)
Age, years	72.1 (65-85)	73.1 (65-83)	71.5 (65-85)	0.429
Sex				1.000
Male	80 (53.3)	25 (54.3)	55 (52.9)
Female	70 (46.7)	21 (45.7)	49 (47.1)
Weight, kg	53.4 (34.4-94.3)	51.0 (38.3-64.7)	54.6 (34.4-94.3)	0.003
BMI, kg/m²	20.9 (14.2-35.5)	19.1 (14.2-23.8)	21.5 (15.9-35.5)	< 0.001
PMV, cm³				< 0.001
Male	344 (165-568)	255 (165-303)	376 (218-568)
Female	213 (114-371)	155 (114-192)	236 (146-371)
PVI, cm³/m³				< 0.001
Male	72.9 (31.9-138.7)	56.4 (31.9-60.3)	82.2 (62.1-138.7)
Female	57.6 (30.2-111.2)	40.1 (30.2-43.5)	63.4 (47.7-111.2)
ECOG PS				0.043
0	91 (60.7)	23 (50.0)	68 (65.4)
1	44 (29.3)	18 (39.1)	26 (25.0)
2	12 (8.0)	3 (6.5)	10 (9.6)
3	2 (1.3)	2 (4.3)	0 (0.0)
Tumor size, mm	31.0 (10-78)	35.5 (14-78)	31.0 (10-70)	0.140
Location of tumor				0.053
Head	71 (47.3)	16 (34.8)	55 (52.9)
Body or tail	79 (52.7)	30 (65.2)	49 (47.1)
Clinical stage				0.015
Locally advanced	53 (35.3)	11 (23.9)	42 (40.4)
Metastasis	90 (60.0)	35 (76.1)	55 (52.9)
Recurrence	7 (4.7)	0 (0.0)	7 (6.7)
Leukocyte, × 10³/μL	5.8 (2.6-19.4)	5.8 (2.9-16.3)	5.8 (2.6-19.4)	0.592
Neutrophil, × 10³/μL	3.7 (0.9-15.2)	3.9 (1.4-14.5)	3.6 (0.9-15.2)	0.122
Lymphocyte, × 10³/μL	1.5 (0.3-3.6)	1.4 (0.3-3.6)	1.5 (0.7-2.9)	0.149
Platelet, × 10⁴/μL	21.7 (9.4-71.5)	21.8 (9.4-71.5)	21.4 (11.1-41.9)	0.207
Albumin, g/dL	3.7 (2.5-5.0)	3.6 (2.5-4.5)	3.8 (2.7-5.0)	0.066
CRP, mg/dL	0.3 (0.0-14.2)	0.6 (0.0-12.2)	0.2 (0.0-14.2)	0.082
CA19-9, U/mL	459 (2-120000)	1018 (2-120000)	275 (2-120000)	0.040
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	172 (85-484)	174 (101-313)	170 (85-484)	0.463
Cholinesterase, IU/L	248 (105-620)	217 (112-586)	257 (105-620)	0.009
NLR				0.053
< 2.5	77 (51.3)	18 (39.1)	59 (56.7)
≥ 2.5	73 (48.7)	28 (60.9)	45 (43.3)
m-GPS				0.214
0	81 (54.0)	21 (45.7)	60 (57.7)
1-2	69 (46.0)	25 (54.3)	44 (42.3)
PNI				0.077
< 45	81 (54.0)	30 (65.2)	51 (49.0)
≥ 45	69 (46.0)	16 (34.8)	53 (51.0)

BMI: Body mass index; PMV: Psoas muscle volume; PVI: Psoas volume index; ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; CRP: C-reactive protein; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; m-GPS: Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index.

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Citation: Akazawa Y, Ohtani M, Murata Y, Tanaka T, Nosaka T, Takahashi K, Naito T, Nakamoto Y. Three-dimensional psoas muscle volume and longitudinal changes as predictors of outcomes in older patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(24): 118757
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i24/118757.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.118757

Akazawa Y, Ohtani M, Murata Y, Tanaka T, Nosaka T, Takahashi K, Naito T, Nakamoto Y. Three-dimensional psoas muscle volume and longitudinal changes as predictors of outcomes in older patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(24): 118757 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.118757]

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