Differential metabolites facilitate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease malignancy via immune evasion and M2-polarized macrophages

doi:10.3748/wjg.117849

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Jun 28, 2026; 32(24): 117849
Published online Jun 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.117849

Table 4 Top five up/downregulated differential metabolites during metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease progression

Groups	Top 5 upregulated	Top 5 downregulated
MAFLD vs NC	PC (16:0/22:4)	PC (18:0/18:3)
	PAF (36:4)	PC (36:0/20:3)
	PC (18:0/20:4)	dMePE (18:0/18:2)
	LPE (20:4)	SM (d16:0/26:2)
	PAF (38:6)	PAF (34:3)
HCC vs NC	PC (16:0/22:4)	PC (16:0/18:1)
	PAF (36:4)	PC (10:0/24:1)
	PC (18:0/20:4)	PAE (32:1)
	LPE (20:4)	PAF (34:1)
	PAF (38:6)	PC (18:0/18:1)
HCC vs MASH	dMePE (16:2/18:2)	PC (16:0/20:4)
	SM (d14:1/28:1)	PC (10:0/24:1)
	SM (d22:0/19:1)	PC (17:0/17:1)
	SM (d24:0/18:1)	PC (16:0/18:2)
	PC (18:0/18:3)	PAF (34:4)

NC: Normal control; MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; MASH: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; PC: Phosphatidylcholine; PAF: Platelet-activating factor; LPE: Lysophosphatidylethanolamine; dMePE: Dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine; SM: Sphingomyelin.

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Citation: Yang J, Sai WL, Xia XX, Tang H, Xu M, Xie Q, Yao DF, Yao M. Differential metabolites facilitate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease malignancy via immune evasion and M2-polarized macrophages. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(24): 117849
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i24/117849.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.117849

Yang J, Sai WL, Xia XX, Tang H, Xu M, Xie Q, Yao DF, Yao M. Differential metabolites facilitate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease malignancy via immune evasion and M2-polarized macrophages. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(24): 117849 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.117849]

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