Pattern and risk factors for postoperative recurrence in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer after upfront surgery

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i23.119613

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 32, Issue 23

This Article

(25)

(28)

(0)

(461)

Peer-Review Report of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Supplementary Materials of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Gastroenterology

ISSN

1007-9327

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Jun 21, 2026; 32(23): 119613
Published online Jun 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i23.119613

Table 3 Comparison of general data of patients that developed tumor recurrence within and after postoperative 1-year, n (%)

Variables	Early recurrence group (n = 114)	Late recurrence group (n = 102)	P value
Age (years), median (Q1, Q3)	63.00 (57.00, 68.75)	60.50 (53.25, 66.75)	0.054
Sex			0.302
Male	65 (57.02)	51 (50.00)
Female	49 (42.98)	51 (50.00)
Smoking history			0.966
Yes	31 (27.19)	28 (27.45)
No	83 (72.81)	74 (72.55)
Diabetes			0.423
Yes	37 (32.46)	28 (27.45)
No	77 (67.54)	74 (72.55)
BMI (kg/m²), median (Q1, Q3)	23.14 (20.77, 24.97)	22.74 (20.82, 24.46)	0.529
WBC count (× 10⁹/L), median (Q1, Q3)	5.80 (4.82, 7.07)	5.40 (4.37, 6.30)	0.024^a
NEUT count (× 10⁹/L), median (Q1, Q3)	3.62 (2.87, 4.65)	3.15 (2.59, 4.20)	0.023^a
LYM count (× 10⁹/L), median (Q1, Q3)	1.51 (1.17, 1.90)	1.39 (1.08, 1.80)	0.209
Hemoglobin (g/L), mean ± SD	123.47 ± 16.25	122.77 ± 16.68	0.756
Platelet count (× 10⁹/L), median (Q1, Q3)	192.00 (164.00, 235.50)	190.00 (143.25, 248.75)	0.498
Serum albumin (g/L), mean ± SD	38.11 ± 4.31	38.77 ± 4.20	0.260
Serum ALT (U/L), median (Q1, Q3)	32.50 (16.00, 84.00)	40.00 (19.25, 97.00)	0.193
Serum total bilirubin (μmol/L), median (Q1, Q3)	15.85 (10.22, 111.20)	15.55 (9.62, 79.90)	0.597
Serum CEA (ng/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	3.25 (1.70, 5.80)	2.07 (1.40, 3.76)	0.003^a
Serum CA19-9 (U/mL), median (Q1, Q3)	250.25 (39.23, 1000.73)	113.10 (28.63, 565.90)	0.020^a
Biliary drainage			0.392
Yes	23 (20.18)	16 (15.69)
No	91 (79.82)	86 (84.31)
Vascular invasion site			0.961
PV	17 (14.91)	16 (15.69)
Confluence of PV and SMV	57 (50.00)	52 (50.98)
SMV	40 (35.09)	34 (33.33)
Imaging vascular morphology changes			0.014^a
Yes	66 (57.89)	42 (41.18)
No	48 (42.11)	60 (58.82)
Length of vascular invasion (cm), median (Q1, Q3)	2.75 (2.15, 3.88)	2.40 (1.80, 3.27)	0.009^a
Extent of vascular invasion			0.679
≤ 180	79 (69.30)	68 (66.67)
> 180	35 (30.70)	34 (33.33)
Arterial invasion			0.983
Yes	18 (15.79)	16 (15.69)
No	96 (84.21)	86 (84.31)
Surgical procedure			0.895
Pancreaticoduodenectomy	69 (60.53)	63 (61.76)
Distal pancreatectomy	6 (5.26)	4 (3.92)
Total Pancreaticoduodenectomy	39 (34.21)	35 (34.31)
Vascular reconstruction procedure			0.197
End-to-end anastomosis	32 (28.07)	37 (36.27)
Allogeneic vascular graft	82 (71.93)	65 (63.73)
Operation time (hours), median (Q1, Q3)	12.00 (11.00, 14.75)	13.00 (11.00, 15.00)	0.719
Intraoperative blood loss (mL), median (Q1, Q3)	750.00 (500.00, 1000.00)	600.00 (400.00, 1000.00)	0.372
Intraoperative blood transfusion			0.158
Yes	69 (60.53)	52 (50.98)
No	45 (39.47)	50 (49.02)
Tumor site			0.939
Pancreatic head and unicorn process	70 (61.40)	65 (63.73)
Pancreatic neck	37 (32.46)	31 (30.39)
Pancreatic body and tail	7 (6.14)	6 (5.88)
Tumor differentiation			0.003^a
Low	54 (47.37)	28 (27.45)
Moderate and high	60 (52.63)	74 (72.55)
Tumor diameter (cm), median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)	3.00 (2.50, 4.00)	0.002^a
Lymph node metastasis			0.001^a
Yes	94 (82.46)	64 (62.75)
No	20 (17.54)	38 (37.25)
Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy			0.242
Yes	58 (50.88)	60 (58.82)
No	56 (49.12)	42 (41.18)

^aP < 0.05.

BMI: Body mass index; WBC: White blood cell; NEUT: Neutrophil; LYM: Lymphocyte; ALT: Alanine transaminase; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; PV: Portal vein; SMV: Superior mesenteric vein.

Full Size Table

Citation: Wang HX, Zhao Q, Huang JC, He Q, Lyu SC, Lang R. Pattern and risk factors for postoperative recurrence in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer after upfront surgery. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(23): 119613
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i23/119613.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i23.119613

Wang HX, Zhao Q, Huang JC, He Q, Lyu SC, Lang R. Pattern and risk factors for postoperative recurrence in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer after upfront surgery. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(23): 119613 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i23.119613]

All content on this site: Copyright © 1993-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.