Endoscopic treatment of small bowel hemangiomas via double-balloon enteroscopy: A single-center comparative study

Table 3 Comparison of different interventional therapy, mean ± SD/n (%)

		Lauromacrogol injection (n = 20)	Ligation therapy (n = 18)	P value1	Argon plasma coagulation therapy (n = 22)	P value2
Age		25.00 ± 8.80	32.83 ± 8.73	0.009	59.55 ± 19.30	0.001
Sex	Male	9 (55.00)	2 (11.11)	0.033	9 (40.91)	0.055
	Female	11 (55.00)	16 (88.89)		13 (59.09)
BMI		20.74 ± 2.98	18.78 ± 1.71	0.019	22.13 ± 3.12	0.001
History of blood transfusion		11 (55.00)	12 (66.67)	0.522	0 (0.00)	0.001
Antithrombotic		0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	NA	0 (0.00)	NA
NSAID		0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	NA	1 (4.55)	0.415
Hypertension		0 (0.00)	2 (11.11)	0.218	6 (27.27)	0.032
Diabetes		0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	NA	2 (9.09)	0.167
Family history of hemangioma		0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	NA	0 (0.00)
Hepatitis		0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	NA	3 (13.64)	0.065
History of surgery and trauma		14 (70.00)	14 (77.78)	0.719	2 (9.09)	0.001
History of radiotherapy and chemotherapy		0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	NA	2 (9.09)	0.167
Abnormal coagulation		7 (35.00)	3 (16.67)	0.278	3 (13.64)	0.202
Albumin, g/L		39.65 ± 2.60	41.06 ± 2.86	0.121	37.64 ± 3.75	0.004
Hemoglobin, g/L		90.25 ± 25.75	85.22 ± 15.43	0.476	79.77 ± 12.18	0.199
Blood transfusion volume, mL		310.00 ± 451.78	200.00 ± 388.06		163.64 ± 500.04	0.610
Location of lesions	Duodenum	3 (15.00)	0 (0.00)	0.085	0 (0.00)	0.019
	Upper jejunum	5 (25.00)	3 (16.67)		6 (27.27)
	Lower jejunum	3 (15.00)	1 (5.56)		4 (18.18)
	Upper ileum	4 (20.00)	11 (61.11)		3 (13.64)
	Lower ileum	5 (25.00)	3 (16.67)		9 (40.91)
Lesion shape	Flat	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	NA	22 (100)	0.001
	Raised	20 (100)	18 (100)		0 (0.00)
Duration of endoscopic operation		79.75 ± 29.36	97.50 ± 26.69	0.060	66.14 ± 21.21	0.001
Bleeding due to endoscopic operation		3.00 (15.00)	8.00 (44.44)	0.046	2.00 (9.09)	0.018
Lesion size, cm		1.44 ± 0.40	1.28 ± 0.35	0.221	0.46 ± 0.37	< 0.001
Number of lesions		5.05 ± 3.56	4.33 ± 5.09	0.615	2.27 ± 4.10	0.098
Tech success		19.00 (95.00)	13.00 (72.22)	0.055	22.00 (100.00)	0.009
Clinical success		18.00 (90.00)	15.00 (83.33)	0.653	21.00 (95.45)	0.446
Adverse event	Fever	2.00 (9.09)	2.00 (9.09)	0.567	2.00 (9.09)	0.760
	Abdominal pain	1.00 (4.55)	1.00 (4.55)		1.00 (4.55)
	Bloating	1.00 (4.55)	1.00 (4.55)		1.00 (4.55)
	Ulcers	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)		0.00 (0.00)

¹Comparing lauromacrogol injection with ligation therapy.

²Comparing lauromacrogol injection, ligation therapy, and argon plasma coagulation therapy.

BMI: Body mass index; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; NA: Not available.