Endoscopic treatment of small bowel hemangiomas via double-balloon enteroscopy: A single-center comparative study

Table 2 Comparison of conservative therapy and interventional therapy, mean ± SD/n (%)

		Conservative therapy (n = 13)	Interventional therapy (n = 62)	P value1	Ligation therapy (n = 18)	P value2	Lauromacrogol injection (n = 20)	P value3	Argon plasma coagulation therapy (n = 22)	P value4
Age, years		55.38 ± 12.29	40.34 ± 20.27	0.012	32.83 ± 8.73	0.001	25.00 ± 8.80	0.001	59.55 ± 19.30	0.491
Sex	Male	7 (53.85)	20 (32.26)	0.204	2 (11.11)	0.017	9 (55.00)	0.728	9 (40.91)	0.503
	Female	6 (46.15)	42 (67.74)		16 (88.89)		11 (55.00)		13 (59.09)
BMI		24.25 ± 3.56	20.70 ± 2.97	0.000	18.78 ± 1.71	0.001	20.74 ± 2.98	0.005	22.13 ± 3.12	0.075
History of blood transfusion		4 (30.77)	24 (38.71)	0.756	12 (66.67)	0.073	11 (55.00)	0.284	0 (0.00)	0.014
Antithrombotic		0 (0)	0 (0)	NA	0 (0.00)	NA	0 (0.00)	NA	0 (0.00)	NA
NSAID		0 (0.00)	1 (1.61)	1.000	0 (0.00)	1.000	0 (0.00)	1.000	1 (4.55)	1.000
Hypertension		6 (46.15)	8 (12.90)	0.012	2 (11.11)	0.043	0 (0.00)	0.002	6 (27.27)	0.292
Diabetes		1 (7.69)	2 (3.23)	0.440	0 (0.00)	0.419	0 (0.00)	0.394	2 (9.09)	1.000
Family history of hemangioma		0 (0)	0 (0)	NA	0 (0.00)	NA	0 (0.00)	NA	0 (0.00)	NA
Hepatitis		3 (23.08)	3 (4.84)	0.061	0 (0.00)	0.064	0 (0.00)	0.052	3 (13.64)	0.648
History of surgery and trauma		4 (30.77)	31 (50.00)	0.238	14 (77.78)	0.013	14 (70.00)	0.038	2 (9.09)	0.166
History of radiotherapy and chemotherapy		1 (7.69)	2 (3.23)	0.440	0 (0.00)	0.419	0 (0.00)	0.394	2 (9.09)	1.000
Abnormal coagulation		2 (15.38)	22 (35.48)	0.722	3 (16.67)	1.000	7 (35.00)	0.263	3 (13.64)	1.000
Albumin, g/L		38.25 ± 5.14	39.26 ± 3.37	0.396	41.06 ± 2.86	0.065	39.65 ± 2.60	0.313	37.64 ± 3.75	0.692
Hemoglobin, g/L		95.23 ± 28.28	84.10 ± 19.06	0.104	85.22 ± 15.43	0.215	90.25 ± 25.75	0.605	79.77 ± 12.18	0.031
Blood transfusion volume, mL		NA	232.26 ± 459.78	NA	200.00 ± 388.06	NA	310.00 ± 451.78	NA	163.64 ± 500.04	NA
Lesion size, cm		0.77 ± 0.88	1.01 ± 0.58	0.362	1.28 ± 0.35	0.046	1.44 ± 0.40	0.013	0.46 ± 0.37	0.202
Number of lesions		2.11 ± 1.27	3.84 ± 4.34	0.241	4.33 ± 5.09	0.213	5.05 ± 3.56	0.024	2.27 ± 4.10	0.909
Location of lesions	Duodenum	1 (7.69)	3 (4.84)	0.985	0 (0.00)	0.420	3 (15.00)	0.945	0 (0.00)	0.442
	Upper jejunum	3 (23.08)	15 (24.19)		3 (16.67)		5 (25.00)		6 (27.27)
	Lower jejunum	2 (15.38)	8 (12.90)		1 (5.56)		3 (15.00)		4 (18.18)
	Upper ileum	4 (30.77)	18 (29.03)		11 (61.11)		4 (20.00)		3 (13.64)
	Lower ileum	3 (23.08)	18 (29.03)		3 (16.67)		5 (25.00)		9 (40.91)
Bleeding recurrence		7 (53.85)	6 (9.68)	0.001	3 (16.67)	0.052	2 (10.00)	0.013	1 (4.55)	0.002

¹Comparing interventional therapy with conservative therapy.

²Comparing ligation therapy with conservative therapy.

³Comparing lauromacrogol injection with conservative therapy.

⁴Comparing argon plasma coagulation therapy with conservative therapy.

BMI: Body mass index; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; NA: Not available.