Esmolol alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injuries by enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway

Figure 8 Esmolol significantly improves cell viability and induces autophagy in IEC-6 cells following lipopolysaccharide treatment. A-C: The effect of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide on the expression of autophagy markers Beclin-1 and LC3-II in IEC-6 cell; D-F: The effect of both different duration of lipopolysaccharide on the expression of autophagy markers Beclin-1 and LC3-II induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in IEC-6 cells; G-I: The effect of different concentrations of ES on the expression of autophagy markers Beclin-1 and LC3-II in LPS-stimulated IEC-6 cells; J: Esmolol (1 × 10^-4 g/mL) significantly increases cell viability in LPS-treated IEC-6 cells. n = 6 in each group. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; ES: Esmolol.