Esmolol alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injuries by enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i23.117320

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Jun 21, 2026; 32(23): 117320
Published online Jun 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i23.117320

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Figure 3 Effects of esmolol on lipopolysaccharide-induced shortening of the interstitial villus (n = 6). A: The length of the interstitial villus in each group at 12 hours; B: The length of the interstitial villus in each group at 24 hours. Each bar presents the mean ± SE of the mean. n = 6 in each group. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; ES: Esmolol; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; RAPA: Rapamycin.

Citation: Zhang YB, Yu ZJ, Jin J, Liu MX, Ji FH, Yang XJ. Esmolol alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injuries by enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(23): 117320
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i23/117320.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i23.117320

Zhang YB, Yu ZJ, Jin J, Liu MX, Ji FH, Yang XJ. Esmolol alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injuries by enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(23): 117320 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i23.117320]

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