Circadian clock at the interface of mucosal immunity, gut microbiota and epithelial barrier in inflammatory bowel disease

Figure 2 Interactions between circadian clock genes and innate and adaptive immune cells in the intestinal mucosa. Most interactions depicted are derived from experimental immunology studies and preclinical models; clinical evidence mainly reflects observational associations. Translational relevance should therefore be interpreted cautiously. Th: T helper cell; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; PER2: Period 2; ADAM12: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12; CLOCK: Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; BMAL1: Brain and muscle ARNT-like 1; IL: Interleukin; Foxp3: Forkhead box P3; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.