Serial circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for monitoring and prognostication in patients with pancreatic cancer

Figure 3 Circulating tumor DNA detection rates and variant allele fraction according to cancer stage and metastatic sites. A: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection rates and variant allele fraction (VAF) varied significantly by cancer stage; B: Analysis of ctDNA detection and VAF in metastatic sites showed a significantly higher detection rate in patients with liver metastasis compared to those without. No significant differences were observed in detection rates and VAF for patients with vs without lung metastasis and peritoneal metastasis; C: A multivariable analysis confirmed the persistence of higher ctDNA detection rates and VAF in the liver metastasis group. ^aP < 0.05. RPC: Resectable pancreatic cancer; LAPC: Locally advanced pancreatic cancer; MPC: Metastatic pancreatic cancer; ctDNA: Circulating tumor DNA; VAF: Variant allele fraction; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.