Sex-specific differences in the efficacy and prognosis of 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy for ulcerative colitis: A 20-year retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of endoscopic mucosal healing and colectomy in ulcerative colitis patients receiving 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment after 1:1 propensity score matching

Variables	Univariate analysis				Multivariate analysis
	EMH (n = 72)		Colectomy (n = 59)		EMH (n = 72)		Colectomy (n = 59)
	aHR (95%CI)	P value	aHR (95%CI)	P value	aHR (95%CI)	P value	aHR (95%CI)	P value
Male sex	0.63 (0.39-1.00)	0.05	1.80 (1.06-3.05)	0.03	0.58 (0.36-0.94)	0.03	1.93 (1.13-3.29)	0.02
Age at onset	1.00 (0.98-1.02)	0.66	1.03 (1.01-1.05)	0.004	0.99 (0.97-1.01)	0.55	1.03 (1.01-1.05)	0.01
Disease duration	0.80 (0.75-0.86)	< 0.001	0.95 (0.90-0.99)	0.02	0.81 (0.76-0.87)	0.00	0.94 (0.9-0.99)	0.02
Smoker	1.04 (0.25-4.23)	0.96	1.3 (0.32-5.34)	0.72	1.24 (0.30-5.21)	0.77
BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2	0.68 (0.43-1.08)	0.11	1.58 (0.93-2.68)	0.09	0.83 (0.52-1.35)	0.46	1.40 (0.81-2.40)	0.23
Disease extent	1.03 (0.78-1.37)	0.84	1.19 (0.86-1.65)	0.3	0.97 (0.73-1.30)	0.86
Advanced therapy1	0.47 (0.29-0.74)	0.001	1.45 (0.75-2.79)	0.27	0.51 (0.32-0.83)	0.01

¹Simultaneously using or subsequent addition of systemic steroid, immunosuppressants, or biologics to 5-aminosalicylic acid prescription.

BMI: Body mass index; aHR: Adjusted hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; EMH: Endoscopic mucosal healing.